本草条目

附子

复核状态：待来源归属复核结论状态：未建立临床结论可显示摘录

先读懂这条记录

原文摘读 · 自动分段

这里展示的是《本草備要》中“附子”的记载。下面按原文线索帮助阅读，不把古籍记载改写成现代疗效结论。

原文摘读

大燥，回阳，补肾命火，逐风寒湿辛甘有毒，大热纯阳。

结合上下文阅读；遇到异体字或可疑文字，可打开原始来源校对。

原文摘读

其性浮而不沉，其用走而不守，通行十二经，无所不至。

结合上下文阅读；遇到异体字或可疑文字，可打开原始来源校对。

原文摘读

能引补气药以复散之元阳，引补血药以滋不足之真阴，引发散药开腠理，以逐在表之风寒（同干姜、桂枝，温经散寒发汗），引温暖药达下焦，以祛在里之寒湿（能引火下行，亦有津调贴足心者。

结合上下文阅读；遇到异体字或可疑文字，可打开原始来源校对。

原文摘读

入八味丸内，亦从地黄等补阴）。

结合上下文阅读；遇到异体字或可疑文字，可打开原始来源校对。

原文摘读

治三阴伤寒（吴绶曰∶附子阴证要药。

结合上下文阅读；遇到异体字或可疑文字，可打开原始来源校对。

原文摘读

凡伤寒传变三阴，中寒夹阴，身虽大热，而脉沉细者；或厥阴腹痛，甚则唇青、囊缩者，急须用之。

结合上下文阅读；遇到异体字或可疑文字，可打开原始来源校对。

阅读全部收录原文，核对出处 ↓

导读仅摘取开头部分；下方原文栏不作截断。

来源与原文

典籍或来源: 《本草備要》
所在部类: 草部
使用权限: 开放许可

大燥，回阳，补肾命火，逐风寒湿辛甘有毒，大热纯阳。其性浮而不沉，其用走而不守，通行十二经，无所不至。能引补气药以复散之元阳，引补血药以滋不足之真阴，引发散药开腠理，以逐在表之风寒（同干姜、桂枝，温经散寒发汗），引温暖药达下焦，以祛在里之寒湿（能引火下行，亦有津调贴足心者。入八味丸内，亦从地黄等补阴）。治三阴伤寒（吴绶曰∶附子阴证要药。凡伤寒传变三阴，中寒夹阴，身虽大热，而脉沉细者；或厥阴腹痛，甚则唇青、囊缩者，急须用之。若待阴极阳竭而用之，已迟矣。东垣治阴盛格阳，伤寒面赤目赤，烦渴引饮，脉七八至。但按之则散，用姜附汤加人参，投半斤，得汗而愈，此神圣之妙也），中寒中风（卒中曰中，渐伤曰伤。轻为感冒，重则为伤，又重则为中），气厥痰厥（虚寒而厥者宜之。如伤寒阳盛格阴，身冷脉伏，热厥似寒者，误投立毙，宜承气、白虎等汤），咳逆（风寒）呕哕（胃寒），膈噎（膈噎，多由气血虚、胃冷、胃槁而成。饮可下而食不可下，槁在吸门，喉间之厌会也。食下胃脘痛，须臾吐出，槁在贲门，胃之上口也，此上焦，名噎。食下良久吐出，槁在幽门，胃之下口也，此中焦，名膈。朝食暮吐，槁在阑门，大、小肠下口也，此下焦，名反胃。又有痰饮、食积、瘀血壅塞胃口者。如寒痰胃冷，则宜姜、附、参、术；胃槁者，当滋润，宜四物牛羊乳，血瘀者加韭汁。当与韭汁、牛乳二条参看论治），脾泄（命火不足），冷痢寒泻，霍乱转筋（脾虚，寒客中焦为霍乱。寒客下焦肝肾为转筋。热霍乱者禁用），拘挛风痹，症瘕积聚，督脉为病，脊强而厥，小儿慢惊，痘疮灰白，痈疽不敛，一切沉寒痼冷之证（经曰∶阴盛主内寒，阳虚生外寒）。助阳退阴，杀邪辟鬼（本草未载），通经堕胎（凡阴证用姜、附药，宜冷服，热因寒用也。盖阴寒在下，虚阳上浮。治之以寒，则阴益盛，治之以热，则拒格不纳。用热药冷冻饮料，下嗌之后，冷体既消，热性便发，情且不违，而致大益，此反治之妙也。又有寒药热饮治热证者，此寒因热用，义亦相同也。经曰∶正者正治，反者反治。如用寒治热，用热治寒，此正治也。或以寒治寒，以热治热，此反治也。经所谓必伏其所主，而先其所因。盖借寒药、热药为反佐，以作向导也，亦曰从治。王好古曰∶用附子以补火，必防涸水。如阴虚之人，久服补阳之药，则虚阳益炽，真阴愈耗，精血日枯，而气无所附丽，遂成不救者多矣）。母为乌头，附生者为附子，连生者为侧子，细长者为天雄，两岐者为乌喙。五物同出异名。附子以西川彰明赤水产者为最，皮黑体圆、底平八角、重一两以上者良（或云二两者更胜，然难得）。生用发散，熟用峻补（赵嗣真曰∶仲景麻黄附子细辛汤，熟附配麻黄，发中有补；四逆汤生附配干姜，补中有发，其旨微矣。丹溪曰∶乌附行经，仲景八味丸用为少阴向导，后世因以为补药，误矣！附子走而不守，取其健悍走下，以行地黄之滞耳。相习用为风及补药，杀人多矣。昂按∶附子味甘气热，峻补元阳。阳微欲绝者、回生起死，非此不为功，故仲景四逆、真武、白通诸汤多用之。其有功于生民甚大，况古人日用常方，用之最多，本非禁剂。丹溪乃仅以为行经之药，而云用作补药多致杀人，言亦过矣。盖丹溪法重滋阴，故每訾阳药，亦其偏也。王节斋曰∶气虚用四君子汤，血虚用四物汤，虚甚者俱宜加熟附。盖四君、四物，皆平和宽缓之剂，须得附子健悍之性行之，方能成功。附子热药，本不可轻用，但当病，则虽暑热时月，亦可用也）。水浸，面裹煨，令发坼，乘热切片，炒黄，去火毒用。又法，甘草二钱，盐水、姜汁、童便各半盏，煮熟用（今人用黑豆煮亦佳）。畏人参、黄、甘草、防风、犀角、绿豆、童便。反贝母、半夏、栝蒌、白芨、白蔹。中其毒者，黄连、犀角、甘草煎汤解之，黄土水亦可解。乌头功同附子而稍缓。附子性重峻，温脾逐寒；乌头性轻疏，温脾逐风。寒疾宜附子，风疾宜乌头。乌附尖吐风痰，治癫痫，取其锋锐，直达病所（丹溪治许白云，屡用瓜蒂、栀子、苦参、藜芦等剂，吐之不透。后用附子尖和浆水与之，始得大吐胶痰数碗）。天雄补下焦命门阳虚（寇宗、张元素皆曰补上焦。丹溪曰∶可为下部之佐。时珍曰∶其尖皆向下生，故下行。然补下乃所以盖上也，若上焦阳虚，则属心、肺之分，当用参、，不当用雄、附矣），治风寒湿痹，为风家主药，发汗又能止阴汗。侧子散侧旁生，宜于发散四肢，充达皮毛，治手足风湿诸痹。

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比较历代记载

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追查相关方剂

本条目尚未关联方剂，不代表没有方剂使用它。目前不能据此列出已核实的处方。

临床研究与安全性

本草条目中尚未整理现代研究与安全性评估。这里的“未整理”不代表没有研究，也不代表已证实安全。

按名称查已收录现代资料 →当前匹配名称及文献标题，不是全面文献检索，可能没有命中。

日文名称与检索

本条目尚无有来源且已复核的日文名称。

自动生成的检索读音（15 个候选）

这些是按汉字读音组合的生成读音候选，不是已收录的日文药名，不证明基原等同性、方剂使用或临床有效性。多个读音不是多份独立证据。

ツクオトコ →ツクコ →ツクシ →ツクス →ツクミ →フオトコ →フコ →フシ →フス →フミ →ホウオトコ →ホウコ →ホウシ →ホウス →ホウミ →

专业审查：名称来源与生成记录

保留原始分类、复核状态、限制及生成方法；以下含未翻译的技术数据。

ツクオトコ

{
  "id": "jp-name-217eab6b7caf67b87096ddd2dc39ca1fabbef0e2c6a199856f33b47090c9e04d",
  "term": "ツクオトコ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-8da1c180508df276a4dcaa7663d3bce8aa5a04d50f6666de9f757c1387fdf51b"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "附子",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

ツクコ

{
  "id": "jp-name-5d980080acdbd379bea5524924e9cd9698da758f687b6891cd875aa521e9d1a8",
  "term": "ツクコ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-8da1c180508df276a4dcaa7663d3bce8aa5a04d50f6666de9f757c1387fdf51b"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "附子",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

ツクシ

{
  "id": "jp-name-3f83f7d97bf415465b716a758cefd0541afb4ad2e052e3a93c1b990e162abfc1",
  "term": "ツクシ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-8da1c180508df276a4dcaa7663d3bce8aa5a04d50f6666de9f757c1387fdf51b"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "附子",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

ツクス

{
  "id": "jp-name-373d3b63c34872a67fb17cc53e96fb090e77dce403bf21af013a9ef9f062428f",
  "term": "ツクス",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-8da1c180508df276a4dcaa7663d3bce8aa5a04d50f6666de9f757c1387fdf51b"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "附子",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

ツクミ

{
  "id": "jp-name-c9fffb87eb0948b637ebf1881e5ac9ef6c92ddeba4ffc6834cfaaa3037364738",
  "term": "ツクミ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-8da1c180508df276a4dcaa7663d3bce8aa5a04d50f6666de9f757c1387fdf51b"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "附子",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

フオトコ

{
  "id": "jp-name-9ababe051e531f270312745192d3f4d559fc7a9f32e30e408e9b71b33ee5ee46",
  "term": "フオトコ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-8da1c180508df276a4dcaa7663d3bce8aa5a04d50f6666de9f757c1387fdf51b"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "附子",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

フコ

{
  "id": "jp-name-23a75f7b583a71f938c4423b48981c76ba64786e3438e478512a5cd5430ada3e",
  "term": "フコ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-8da1c180508df276a4dcaa7663d3bce8aa5a04d50f6666de9f757c1387fdf51b"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "附子",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

フシ

{
  "id": "jp-name-3edebe25c799ab4b6dcbc9d80bd7b497d8c5a766ce1ac0687b08968badea2d13",
  "term": "フシ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-8da1c180508df276a4dcaa7663d3bce8aa5a04d50f6666de9f757c1387fdf51b"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "附子",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

フス

{
  "id": "jp-name-31cc2270fa4d5d22566ae5cc1edff96140358c7552187d0695fe400f44d32138",
  "term": "フス",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-8da1c180508df276a4dcaa7663d3bce8aa5a04d50f6666de9f757c1387fdf51b"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "附子",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

フミ

{
  "id": "jp-name-da0b25aaf380308ab21fe8f2cb064c99ec6e1cbb05402de49567cfd08a87d642",
  "term": "フミ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-8da1c180508df276a4dcaa7663d3bce8aa5a04d50f6666de9f757c1387fdf51b"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "附子",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

ホウオトコ

{
  "id": "jp-name-3da594df804e9c5b6b67254be83633e1c2d59353f83829409e325b2042a9b520",
  "term": "ホウオトコ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-8da1c180508df276a4dcaa7663d3bce8aa5a04d50f6666de9f757c1387fdf51b"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "附子",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

ホウコ

{
  "id": "jp-name-c42ea5a96f1eb85b25d47f7fb9ee14b7ddced5a2317d3cf8e21c53a7e12a8683",
  "term": "ホウコ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-8da1c180508df276a4dcaa7663d3bce8aa5a04d50f6666de9f757c1387fdf51b"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "附子",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

ホウシ

{
  "id": "jp-name-18c2283cc77de7108e764823ceb1cd16a889d83867d8f68cf70ab7b968b92e3e",
  "term": "ホウシ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-8da1c180508df276a4dcaa7663d3bce8aa5a04d50f6666de9f757c1387fdf51b"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "附子",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

ホウス

{
  "id": "jp-name-1b9cf7f86511bf4cd573620fd04bf7ff6765be8d6e2d6e3a1143a31825efe6d6",
  "term": "ホウス",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-8da1c180508df276a4dcaa7663d3bce8aa5a04d50f6666de9f757c1387fdf51b"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "附子",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

ホウミ

{
  "id": "jp-name-a73f03189d1d178a61d25d5dc635d401ebe24f4198a0c63836a92b0c821eb1c3",
  "term": "ホウミ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-8da1c180508df276a4dcaa7663d3bce8aa5a04d50f6666de9f757c1387fdf51b"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "附子",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

技术溯源信息

以下字段供审计与复现使用，一般阅读时无需理解。

原始记录的证据边界

记录中的名称与别名属于文字证据，不能据此确认现代药材基原。
该条目尚未建立方剂适应证或临床有效性结论。

来源记录 ID: bencao-beiyao-ws
原始文件字节位置: 162,989用于在原始数字文件中精确定位这段文字，不是页码、剂量或评分。
原始文件 SHA-256: 8da1c180508df276a4dcaa7663d3bce8aa5a04d50f6666de9f757c1387fdf51b