本草条目

大黄

复核状态：待来源归属复核结论状态：未建立临床结论可显示摘录

先读懂这条记录

原文摘读 · 自动分段

这里展示的是《本草備要》中“大黄”的记载。下面按原文线索帮助阅读，不把古籍记载改写成现代疗效结论。

原文摘读

大泻血分湿热，下有形积滞大苦大寒。

结合上下文阅读；遇到异体字或可疑文字，可打开原始来源校对。

原文摘读

入足太阴（脾），手足阳明、厥阴（大肠、胃、心包、肝）血分。

结合上下文阅读；遇到异体字或可疑文字，可打开原始来源校对。

原文摘读

其性浮而不沉，其用走而不守。

结合上下文阅读；遇到异体字或可疑文字，可打开原始来源校对。

原文摘读

若酒浸，亦能引至高之分（仲景太阳门调胃承气汤，大黄注曰酒浸；阳明门大承气汤，大黄注曰酒洗；少阳阳明小承气汤，大黄不用酒制，皆有分别。

结合上下文阅读；遇到异体字或可疑文字，可打开原始来源校对。

原文摘读

东垣曰∶邪气在上，非酒不至。

结合上下文阅读；遇到异体字或可疑文字，可打开原始来源校对。

原文摘读

若用生者，则遗至高之邪热。

结合上下文阅读；遇到异体字或可疑文字，可打开原始来源校对。

阅读全部收录原文，核对出处 ↓

导读仅摘取开头部分；下方原文栏不作截断。

来源与原文

典籍或来源: 《本草備要》
所在部类: 草部
使用权限: 开放许可

大泻血分湿热，下有形积滞大苦大寒。入足太阴（脾），手足阳明、厥阴（大肠、胃、心包、肝）血分。其性浮而不沉，其用走而不守。若酒浸，亦能引至高之分（仲景太阳门调胃承气汤，大黄注曰酒浸；阳明门大承气汤，大黄注曰酒洗；少阳阳明小承气汤，大黄不用酒制，皆有分别。东垣曰∶邪气在上，非酒不至。若用生者，则遗至高之邪热。病愈后，或目赤、喉痹、头痛、膈上热疾生也）。用以荡涤肠胃，下燥结而除瘀热。治伤寒时疾，发热谵语（大肠有燥粪，故谵语，宜下之。谵，音占），温热瘴疟，下痢赤白，腹痛里急，黄胆水肿，症瘕积聚（积久成形谓之积，属阴；聚散无常谓之聚，属阳。积多是血或食或痰，聚多是气），留饮宿食，心腹痞满，二便不通（皆土郁，夺之），吐血衄血，血闭血枯，损伤积血，一切实热，血中伏火。行水除痰，蚀脓消肿，能推陈致新。然伤元气而耗阴血（下多亡阴），若病在气分，胃虚、血弱人禁用（病在气分而用之，是为诛伐无过。东垣曰∶能推陈致新，如定祸乱以致太平，所以有将军之号。时珍曰∶仲景泻心汤，治心气不足吐衄血者，用大黄。黄连、黄芩，乃泻心包、肝、脾、胃四经血中之伏火也。又治心下痞满按之软者，用大黄、黄连泻心汤，亦泻脾胃之湿热，非泻心也。病发于阴，而反下之，则痞满。乃寒伤营血，邪结上焦，胃之上脘当心，故曰泻心。经曰∶太阴所至，为痞满。又曰∶浊气在上，则生胀是已。病发于阳，而反下之，则结胸。乃热邪陷入血分，亦在上脘，故大陷胸汤、丸皆用大黄，亦泻脾胃血分之邪，而降其浊气也。若结胸在气分，只用小陷胸汤；痞满在气分，只用半夏泻心汤。或问心气不足而吐衄，何以不补心而反泻心？丹溪曰∶少阴不足，亢阳无辅，致阴血妄行，故用大黄泻其亢甚之火。又心本不足，肝、肺各受火邪而病作，故用黄芩救肺、黄连救肝。肺者阴之主，肝者心之母，血之合也，肺、肝火退，则血归经而自安矣。寇宗曰∶以苦泄其热，就以苦补其心，盖一举而两得之。李士材曰∶古人用大黄治虚劳吐衄，意甚深微。盖浊阴不降，则清阳不生，瘀血不去，则新血不生也）。川产锦纹者良。有酒浸、酒蒸、生、熟之不同。生用更峻。黄芩为使（欲取通利者，不得骤进谷食，大黄得谷食，便不能通利耳。《夷坚志》∶汤，火伤者，捣生大黄，醋调敷，止痛无瘢）。

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比较历代记载

当前是一份《本草備要》的条目。可以与其他来源的同名记录对读，比较用途、别名和文字差异。

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追查相关方剂

本条目尚未关联方剂，不代表没有方剂使用它。目前不能据此列出已核实的处方。

临床研究与安全性

本草条目中尚未整理现代研究与安全性评估。这里的“未整理”不代表没有研究，也不代表已证实安全。

按名称查已收录现代资料 →当前匹配名称及文献标题，不是全面文献检索，可能没有命中。

日文名称与检索

本条目尚无有来源且已复核的日文名称。

自动生成的检索读音（18 个候选）

这些是按汉字读音组合的生成读音候选，不是已收录的日文药名，不证明基原等同性、方剂使用或临床有效性。多个读音不是多份独立证据。

タイオウ →タイキ →タイコウ →タオウ →タキ →タコウ →ダイオウ →ダイキ →ダイコウ →ッオイニオウ →ッオイニキ →ッオイニコウ →ッオキイオウ →ッオキイキ →ッオキイコウ →ハジメオウ →ハジメキ →ハジメコウ →

专业审查：名称来源与生成记录

保留原始分类、复核状态、限制及生成方法；以下含未翻译的技术数据。

タイオウ

{
  "id": "jp-name-d7749c40c4adb4a7f5bfcee10c6e52508b4b9b03e93cdd8c4e2becfa8b44d395",
  "term": "タイオウ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-7816902e616b58000f0914041e310becb0546b44ed2cdc7a13c86a61fed61ed5"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "大黄",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

タイキ

{
  "id": "jp-name-47b76c8dde327b30caa92479e42225c11ea29f6ebd905c9dae5150c2229251ac",
  "term": "タイキ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-7816902e616b58000f0914041e310becb0546b44ed2cdc7a13c86a61fed61ed5"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "大黄",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

タイコウ

{
  "id": "jp-name-23ca9f584dd80c7fe40e95d3492c51618d0f55d62daeaefb8ee8f382362f31de",
  "term": "タイコウ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-7816902e616b58000f0914041e310becb0546b44ed2cdc7a13c86a61fed61ed5"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "大黄",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

タオウ

{
  "id": "jp-name-7c3694c72198e7c0d909253a42726b4f480c108631d08fcb8f9ac77c30e25213",
  "term": "タオウ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-7816902e616b58000f0914041e310becb0546b44ed2cdc7a13c86a61fed61ed5"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "大黄",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

タキ

{
  "id": "jp-name-756dcffde0a088d00c97067789b8b3f30ffe9b0df64bf801cd3b21a82b915303",
  "term": "タキ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-7816902e616b58000f0914041e310becb0546b44ed2cdc7a13c86a61fed61ed5"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "大黄",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

タコウ

{
  "id": "jp-name-a7564b5e791e3716b3b1c75ccb9311eae2e220616489bd489cec1a116f822345",
  "term": "タコウ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-7816902e616b58000f0914041e310becb0546b44ed2cdc7a13c86a61fed61ed5"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "大黄",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

ダイオウ

{
  "id": "jp-name-a788196907e9a957728bcf6b44c3053a0ae633559d3e1cb7f5a0025cb33fe4d1",
  "term": "ダイオウ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-7816902e616b58000f0914041e310becb0546b44ed2cdc7a13c86a61fed61ed5"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "大黄",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

ダイキ

{
  "id": "jp-name-650ff2468bd1c7d13cccec2330d16d440493ce3b2ec012acd5e739751684c957",
  "term": "ダイキ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-7816902e616b58000f0914041e310becb0546b44ed2cdc7a13c86a61fed61ed5"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "大黄",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

ダイコウ

{
  "id": "jp-name-bdab564efeb10e9f931ee37cd613ac12b7d06d5e513f2bb24da5ad4f8e47a663",
  "term": "ダイコウ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-7816902e616b58000f0914041e310becb0546b44ed2cdc7a13c86a61fed61ed5"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "大黄",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

ッオイニオウ

{
  "id": "jp-name-c69eb0719a675079043cb00dce77fef81d44cc600847d67c9861bd519024e3d4",
  "term": "ッオイニオウ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-7816902e616b58000f0914041e310becb0546b44ed2cdc7a13c86a61fed61ed5"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "大黄",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

ッオイニキ

{
  "id": "jp-name-54a4988deaa162c2d7fe6c25368020d127749e0ca089896b2a7600b66bcdbaed",
  "term": "ッオイニキ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-7816902e616b58000f0914041e310becb0546b44ed2cdc7a13c86a61fed61ed5"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "大黄",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

ッオイニコウ

{
  "id": "jp-name-51a8496db6f9e7217223095d33031ac1f35d9c3334b78d6e1c3edfdc40afd57b",
  "term": "ッオイニコウ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-7816902e616b58000f0914041e310becb0546b44ed2cdc7a13c86a61fed61ed5"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "大黄",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

ッオキイオウ

{
  "id": "jp-name-6d1212485a02b03044355ed4358d1fe99d07c3a9dd253209c462c2e58322a18c",
  "term": "ッオキイオウ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-7816902e616b58000f0914041e310becb0546b44ed2cdc7a13c86a61fed61ed5"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "大黄",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

ッオキイキ

{
  "id": "jp-name-b4c7c6eca6a612a69f1a6f37b5c91a072d82b49a6d82e93debae90ad0875eebe",
  "term": "ッオキイキ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-7816902e616b58000f0914041e310becb0546b44ed2cdc7a13c86a61fed61ed5"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "大黄",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

ッオキイコウ

{
  "id": "jp-name-cfd90e964616ccb54b52203d41b91597ba1e6cc8cbaf37b655093fd3bd5ac2f8",
  "term": "ッオキイコウ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-7816902e616b58000f0914041e310becb0546b44ed2cdc7a13c86a61fed61ed5"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "大黄",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

ハジメオウ

{
  "id": "jp-name-6169b3c2b5a5629af54d06c7f6e18d1bb6c0b5ba9dfbdfff5a3e0991ee5668c6",
  "term": "ハジメオウ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-7816902e616b58000f0914041e310becb0546b44ed2cdc7a13c86a61fed61ed5"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "大黄",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

ハジメキ

{
  "id": "jp-name-90a7245349dcac569991d53e2ccff178e1a2d32c7c4fdb435684648dbff780a5",
  "term": "ハジメキ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-7816902e616b58000f0914041e310becb0546b44ed2cdc7a13c86a61fed61ed5"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "大黄",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

ハジメコウ

{
  "id": "jp-name-316d95101e177272cf86a06e9412ae67aead7a3f3409e35cb16e7d330d8c3d42",
  "term": "ハジメコウ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-7816902e616b58000f0914041e310becb0546b44ed2cdc7a13c86a61fed61ed5"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "大黄",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

技术溯源信息

以下字段供审计与复现使用，一般阅读时无需理解。

原始记录的证据边界

记录中的名称与别名属于文字证据，不能据此确认现代药材基原。
该条目尚未建立方剂适应证或临床有效性结论。

来源记录 ID: bencao-beiyao-ws
原始文件字节位置: 127,236用于在原始数字文件中精确定位这段文字，不是页码、剂量或评分。
原始文件 SHA-256: 7816902e616b58000f0914041e310becb0546b44ed2cdc7a13c86a61fed61ed5