本草条目

半夏

复核状态：待来源归属复核结论状态：未建立临床结论可显示摘录

先读懂这条记录

原文摘读 · 自动分段

这里展示的是《本草備要》中“半夏”的记载。下面按原文线索帮助阅读，不把古籍记载改写成现代疗效结论。

原文摘读

燥湿痰，润肾燥，宣通阴阳辛温有毒，体滑性燥，能走能散，能燥能润。

结合上下文阅读；遇到异体字或可疑文字，可打开原始来源校对。

原文摘读

和胃健脾（去湿），补肝（辛散）润肾，除湿化痰，发表开郁，下逆气，止烦呕，发音声，利水道（燥去湿，故利水；辛通气，能化液，故润燥。

结合上下文阅读；遇到异体字或可疑文字，可打开原始来源校对。

原文摘读

丹溪谓∶二陈汤能使大便润而小便长），救暴卒（葛生曰∶凡遇五绝之病，用半夏末吹入鼻中即活，盖取其能作嚏也。

结合上下文阅读；遇到异体字或可疑文字，可打开原始来源校对。

原文摘读

五绝，谓缢死、溺死、压死、魇死、产死也）。

结合上下文阅读；遇到异体字或可疑文字，可打开原始来源校对。

原文摘读

治咳逆头眩（火炎痰升则眩），痰厥头痛，眉棱骨痛（风热与痰），咽痛（成无己曰∶半夏辛散，行水气而润肾燥。

结合上下文阅读；遇到异体字或可疑文字，可打开原始来源校对。

原文摘读

又局方半硫丸，治老人虚秘，皆取其润滑也。

结合上下文阅读；遇到异体字或可疑文字，可打开原始来源校对。

阅读全部收录原文，核对出处 ↓

导读仅摘取开头部分；下方原文栏不作截断。

来源与原文

典籍或来源: 《本草備要》
所在部类: 草部
使用权限: 开放许可

燥湿痰，润肾燥，宣通阴阳辛温有毒，体滑性燥，能走能散，能燥能润。和胃健脾（去湿），补肝（辛散）润肾，除湿化痰，发表开郁，下逆气，止烦呕，发音声，利水道（燥去湿，故利水；辛通气，能化液，故润燥。丹溪谓∶二陈汤能使大便润而小便长），救暴卒（葛生曰∶凡遇五绝之病，用半夏末吹入鼻中即活，盖取其能作嚏也。五绝，谓缢死、溺死、压死、魇死、产死也）。治咳逆头眩（火炎痰升则眩），痰厥头痛，眉棱骨痛（风热与痰），咽痛（成无己曰∶半夏辛散，行水气而润肾燥。又局方半硫丸，治老人虚秘，皆取其润滑也。俗以半夏、南星为性燥误矣，湿去则土燥，痰涎不生，非二物之性燥也。古方用治咽痛、喉痹、吐血，非禁剂也。二物亦能散血，故破伤、扑打皆主之。惟阴虚劳损，则非湿热之邪，而用利窍行湿之药，是重竭其津液，医之罪也，岂药之咎哉。《甲乙经》用治之眠，是果性燥者乎！半夏、硫黄等分，生姜糊丸，名半硫丸）胸胀（仲景小陷胸汤用之），伤寒寒热（故小柴胡汤用之），痰疟不眠（《素问》曰∶胃不和，则卧不安。半夏能和胃气而通阴阳。《灵枢》曰∶阳气满，不得入于阴，阴气虚，故目不得瞑，饮以半夏汤，阴阳既通，其卧立安。又有喘嗽不得眠者。左不得眠属肝胀，宜清肝；右不得眠属肺胀，宜清肺），反胃吐食（痰膈），散痞除瘿（瘿多属痰），消肿止汗（胜湿）。孕妇忌之（王好古曰∶肾主五液，化为五湿，本经为唾、入肝为泪、入心为汗、入肺为涕、入脾为痰。痰者因咳而动，脾之湿也，半夏泄痰之际，不能治痰之本，治本者治肾也。咳无形，痰有形，无形则润，有形则燥，所以为流脾湿而润肾燥之剂也。俗以半夏为肺药非也，止呕为足阳明，除痰为足太阴。柴胡为之使，故柴胡汤用之。虽云止呕，亦助柴、芩主寒热往来，是又为足少阳也。时珍曰∶脾无湿不生痰，故脾为生痰之源，肺为贮痰之器。按∶有声无痰曰咳，盖伤于肺气；有痰无声曰嗽，盖动于脾湿也；有声有痰曰咳嗽，或因火、因风、因寒、因湿、因虚劳、因食积，宜分证论治。大法治嗽，当以治痰为先，而治痰又以顺气为主。宜以半夏、南星燥其湿，枳壳、橘红利其气，肺虚加温敛之味，肺热加凉泻之剂。赵继宗曰∶二陈治痰，世医执之，内有半夏，其性燥烈，若风、寒、湿、食诸痰则相宜，至于劳痰、失血诸痰，用之反能燥血液而加病。按古有三禁，血家、汗家、渴家忌之，然亦间有用之者。俗以半夏专为除痰，而半夏之功用，不复见知于世矣。小柴胡汤、半夏泻心汤，皆用半夏，岂为除痰乎？火结为痰，气顺则火降而痰消）。圆白而大，陈久者良，浸七日，逐日换水，沥去涎，切片，姜汁拌（性畏生姜，用之以制其毒，得姜而功愈彰）。柴胡、射干为使。畏生姜、秦皮、龟甲、雄黄。忌羊肉、海藻、饴糖。恶皂角。反乌头（合陈皮、茯苓、甘草、名二陈汤，为治痰之总剂。寒痰佐以干姜、芥子，热痰佐以黄芩、栝蒌，湿痰佐以苍术、茯苓，风痰佐以南星、前胡，痞痰佐以枳实、白术。更看痰之所在，加导引药，惟燥痰非半夏所司也）。韩飞霞造曲十法（一姜汁浸造，名生姜曲，治浅近诸痰。一矾水煮透，兼姜糊造，名矾曲，矾最能却水，治清水痰。一煮皂角汁，炼膏，和半夏末为曲，或加南星，或加麝香，名皂角曲，治风痰开经络。一用白芥子等分，或三分之一，竹沥和成，略加曲糊，名竹沥曲，治皮里膜外结核隐显之痰。一麻油浸半夏三五日，炒干为末，曲糊造成。油以润燥，名麻油曲，治虚热劳咳之痰。一用腊月黄牛胆汁，略加热蜜和造，名牛胆曲，治癫痫风痰。一用香附、苍术、抚芎等分，熬膏，和半夏末作曲，名开郁曲，治郁痰；一用芒硝居半夏十分之三，煮透为末，煎大黄膏和成，名硝磺曲，治中风、卒厥、伤寒宜下由于痰者。一用海粉一两、雄黄一两、半夏二两，为末炼蜜和造，名海粉曲，治积痰沉痼；一用黄牛肉煎汁炼膏，即霞天膏，和半夏末为曲，名霞天曲，治沉痼痰，功效最烈）。以上并照造曲法，草庵七日，待生黄衣晒干，悬挂风处，愈久愈良。

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比较历代记载

当前是一份《本草備要》的条目。可以与其他来源的同名记录对读，比较用途、别名和文字差异。

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追查相关方剂

本条目尚未关联方剂，不代表没有方剂使用它。目前不能据此列出已核实的处方。

临床研究与安全性

本草条目中尚未整理现代研究与安全性评估。这里的“未整理”不代表没有研究，也不代表已证实安全。

按名称查已收录现代资料 →当前匹配名称及文献标题，不是全面文献检索，可能没有命中。

日文名称与检索

本条目尚无有来源且已复核的日文名称。

自动生成的检索读音（9 个候选）

这些是按汉字读音组合的生成读音候选，不是已收录的日文药名，不证明基原等同性、方剂使用或临床有效性。多个读音不是多份独立证据。

ナカバカ →ナカバゲ →ナカバスルカ →ナカバスルゲ →ナカバスルナツ →ナカバナツ →ハンカ →ハンゲ →ハンナツ →

专业审查：名称来源与生成记录

保留原始分类、复核状态、限制及生成方法；以下含未翻译的技术数据。

ナカバカ

{
  "id": "jp-name-fc81bf0f41c744ae08fb833598e9a4608b7e182b4b2f785b58d164c1e3c15b5e",
  "term": "ナカバカ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-8f4255e2fa09b6635d70b1768e8b01da31accd528b67d924f197d960a13de110"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "半夏",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

ナカバゲ

{
  "id": "jp-name-3ec9dda0be3fd160f3d1f201d908089f4f2026ed946af1f98d2e56804f25ef33",
  "term": "ナカバゲ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-8f4255e2fa09b6635d70b1768e8b01da31accd528b67d924f197d960a13de110"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "半夏",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

ナカバスルカ

{
  "id": "jp-name-39994f3fd496d89fb62700b2a83e3b9e02b2dcafd39a5ec6c9b86475d7b61fd9",
  "term": "ナカバスルカ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-8f4255e2fa09b6635d70b1768e8b01da31accd528b67d924f197d960a13de110"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "半夏",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

ナカバスルゲ

{
  "id": "jp-name-213822fcfa9483f5e094600b0723036b2091bef465826473fdd54d46614681e3",
  "term": "ナカバスルゲ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-8f4255e2fa09b6635d70b1768e8b01da31accd528b67d924f197d960a13de110"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "半夏",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

ナカバスルナツ

{
  "id": "jp-name-84e186e6da37e1b1a42edbb7674c322116514f36d1e506e851b3529129c2fc10",
  "term": "ナカバスルナツ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-8f4255e2fa09b6635d70b1768e8b01da31accd528b67d924f197d960a13de110"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "半夏",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

ナカバナツ

{
  "id": "jp-name-91108eb4a2d65091f04cfffa53b076197ded4a508978a352fbbe399f8e4d1a77",
  "term": "ナカバナツ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-8f4255e2fa09b6635d70b1768e8b01da31accd528b67d924f197d960a13de110"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "半夏",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

ハンカ

{
  "id": "jp-name-af83b1329bac26b8b1e812ca3c5c97ebc86d1380dcb358d9932bb198b966c7ae",
  "term": "ハンカ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-8f4255e2fa09b6635d70b1768e8b01da31accd528b67d924f197d960a13de110"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "半夏",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

ハンゲ

{
  "id": "jp-name-ada3eef900faffaf4c09a66a2a4c461bff9f5a43407ca2ae9c833e38ec9d2904",
  "term": "ハンゲ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-8f4255e2fa09b6635d70b1768e8b01da31accd528b67d924f197d960a13de110"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "半夏",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

ハンナツ

{
  "id": "jp-name-fc2f8e536dec0e5b5a10db790cd2194863f130f8059221fa9da80cfebb4bb4c2",
  "term": "ハンナツ",
  "script": "katakana",
  "target_record_ids": [
    "herb-entry-8f4255e2fa09b6635d70b1768e8b01da31accd528b67d924f197d960a13de110"
  ],
  "relation": "generated_reading_candidate",
  "review_state": "generated",
  "source_refs": [],
  "limitations": [
    "generated from Unicode Unihan kJapaneseOn/kJapaneseKun character readings; it is not an attested Japanese herb name",
    "a generated reading does not establish botanical identity, materia-medica equivalence, formula use, or clinical effectiveness"
  ],
  "derivation": {
    "combination_cap": 32,
    "method": "unicode-unihan-kJapaneseOn-kJapaneseKun",
    "simplified_character_fallbacks": [],
    "source_label": "半夏",
    "truncated": false
  }
}

技术溯源信息

以下字段供审计与复现使用，一般阅读时无需理解。

原始记录的证据边界

记录中的名称与别名属于文字证据，不能据此确认现代药材基原。
该条目尚未建立方剂适应证或临床有效性结论。

来源记录 ID: bencao-beiyao-ws
原始文件字节位置: 55,910用于在原始数字文件中精确定位这段文字，不是页码、剂量或评分。
原始文件 SHA-256: 8f4255e2fa09b6635d70b1768e8b01da31accd528b67d924f197d960a13de110